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RAWALPINDI CITY
Rawalpindi
lies on the Grand Trunk Road 177 from Peshawar and 275 kms from north-west
from Lahore. The twin city of Rawalpindi/Islamabad lies against the backdrop
of Margalla Hills on the Potwar Plateau. On the basis of archaeological
discoveries, archaeologists believe that a distinct culture flourished on this
plateau as far back as 3000 years. The material remains found on the sight of
the city of Rawalpindi prove the existence of Buddhist establishment
contemporary to Taxila but less celebrated than its neighbours.
History
It appears that the ancient city
went into oblivion as a result of the Hun devastation. the first Muslim
invader, Mahmood of Ghazni (979-1030 AD), gifted the ruined city to a Gakkhar
Chief, Kai Gohar. the town, however, being on invaders' route, could not
prosper and remained deserted until Jhanda Khan, another Gakkhar Chief,
restored it and gave the name of Rawalpindi after the village Rawal in 1493
AD. Rawalpindi remained under the rule of Gakkhars till Muqarrab Khan, the
last Gakkhar ruler, was defeated by Sikhs in 1765 AD. Sikhs invited traders
from other places to settle here. This brought the city into prominence. Sikhs
lost the city to British in 1849 AD. It then became the General Headquarters
of British Army and they established a cantonment south of the old city. In
1879, the Punjab Northern Railway was extended to Rawalpindi but the train
service was formally inaugurated on January 1, 1886.
Over the years, Rawalpindi has
retained to traditional flavour. However, some modern residential areas and
buildings have come up all over the town since the creation of Pakistan.
Pakistan's new capital, Islamabad being the twin city of Rawalpindi, equally
shares the same archaeological and historical background.
Old City and Bazaars
The best way to see Rawalpindi
is by wending through its bazaars, but you should orient yourself before
setting out. The city has two main roads: the Grand Trunk Road runs roughly
from east to west and is known as The Mall as it passes through the
cantonment; Murree Road breaks north from The Mall, crosses the railway and
brushes the east end of the old city on its way to Islamabad. the two main
bazaar areas are Raja Bazaar in the old city and Saddar Bazaar, which
developed as the cantonment bazaar between the old city and the Mall.
The cantonment evokes the
British Raj, with its Christian churches and cemetery, spacious bungalows,
club, cricket ground, mall and the colonial-style Flashman's Hotel. Behind
Flashman's is Saddar Bazaar, the centre not only for shopping but also for
hotels, banks, airlines and travel agents. The heart of the bazaar is along
Kashmir Road and Massey Gate.
The Army Museum, near the Pearl
Continental Hotel, houses a fine collection of weapons, uniforms and paintings
depicting Pakistan's military history. Hours are 9 am to 3 pm in winter, 8 am
to noon and 5.30 pm to 7 pm in summer.
Parks
Ayub National Park is located
beyond the old Presidency on Jhelum Road. It covers an area of about 2, 300
acres and has a play-land, lake with boating facility, an aquarium and a
garden-restaurant. Rawalpindi Public Park is located on Murree Road near
Shamsabad. The Park was opened for public in 1991. It has a playland for
children, grassy lawns, fountains and flower beds. A cricket stadium was built
in 1992 just opposite the Public Park. The stadium is equipped with all modern
facilities.
Rawalpindi Golf Course
Situated near Ayub National
Park, Rawalpindi Golf Course was completed in 1926 by Rawalpindi Golf Club,
one of the oldest gold clubs of Pakistan, founded on 2nd November 1885. the
facility was initially developed as a nine-hole course. after several phases
of development, it is now converted into a 27 hole course.
Places Around Rawalpindi & Islamabad
Margalla Pass
The small pass is located 26 km west of
Islamabad on G.T. Road. Margalla is mentioned by historians and emperors like
Alberuni, Ferishta and Jehangir. Today, it is a pass between the ancient
capital of Gandhara, that is, Taxila, and the modern capital of Pakistan, i.e.
Islamabad. There is an obelisk right on the top of the Pass, built in 1890 in
memory of Brig. Gen. John Nicholson (died on 23 September 1857) of British
army, by his colleagues. A small part of the ancient Shahi (Royal) Road can be
seen just across the pass, left of G.T. Road. This road was first built by the
Persians in 516 BC and later developed by the Afghan King Sher Shah Suri in
1540s. An inscription on the western side of this stone pavement shows that it
was again repaired in 1672 AD.
Wah Gardens
Once a major
campsite of Mughal rulers, Wah Gardens are located 12 km west of Taxila on G.T.
Road. The gardens were developed with magnificent trees and weather channels
by successive Mughal emperors. Tapering cypress trees, loved by the Mughals,
line the canals through which cool waters once, Flowed between elegant
romantic and cascading into large reflecting basins. The gardens are being
restored to their original beauty, by the Department of Archaeology,
Government of Pakistan.
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